Electrostatics
Introduction
jaswinder singh
physsrsms@gmail.com
Electrostatics
is a branch of Physics that deals with the phenomena and properties of
stationary charges. The additional properties of protons and electrons which
gives rise to electric force between them, is called electric charge. Electric
charge is a scalar quantity. S.I unit of electric charge is Coulomb. Benjamin
Franklin introduced the concept of positive and negative charges. Like charges
repel each other and unlike charges repel each other. The electric charge is
additive in nature, quantized in nature and always conserved. The electrostatic
force between two charges is directly proportional to product of charges and
inversely proportional to the square of
the distance between them.
Electric
Field due to a charge is the space around the charge, in which another charge
experiences a force. Electric field is represented by the electric lines of
forces which starts from the positive charge and end at the negative charge.
These lines of forces don’t pass through a conductor. So Electric field inside
a conductor is always zero.
A
system of two equal and opposite charges separated by a certain distance is
called an electric dipole. The product of either charge and length of the
electric dipole is called electric dipole moment. The total number of electric
lines of force crossing the surface in a direction normal to the surface is
called electric flux. The total electric flux through a closed surface
enclosing a charge is equal to 1/ϵ0
times the magnitude of charge enclosed.
If
we move a unit positive charge from a reference point to a specific point
inside the electric field, the amount of work required is called electric
potential.
Electric potential is a characteristic of electric field.
Any surface which has same electric potential at every point is called an
equi-potential surface.
A
capacitor is a device for storing a large quantity of electric charge. The work
done in charging a capacitor is stored in the capacitor in the form of electric
field. To accelerating the charge particles to carry out nuclear reactions Van
Dee Garff Generator is used.
Short questions
•
What do you mean by electrostatics?
•
Define electric charge.
•
Electric charge is ............
quantity. (Scalar/Vector)
•
Who introduced the concept of
positive and negative charges?
•
State coulombs law.
•
What is electric field?
•
Define electric dipole.
•
What is electric flux?
•
Define Capacitor.
•
Which device is used to accelerate
charged particles?
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